everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
sacred tree; support pillars of the traditional fire festival bonfires
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
bonds (between people); (emotional) ties; relationship; tether; fetters
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
now; the present time; just now; another; more
invulnerability; immortality; insensibility to pain
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to guide; to lead; to show the way; to derive; to deduce
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
country in civil war; country disarrayed by war; Warring States period (Japan, China); competiton in which there are several evenly-matched participants; hotly-contested game (match, market, etc.)
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah