indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
troubled times; turbulent times
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to carry on; to go on with one's life; to keep alive; to stay alive; to survive
miko; shrine maiden; young girl or woman (trad. an unmarried virgin) who assists priests at shrines; medium; sorceress; shamaness
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
these days; nowadays; now; at present; recently; lately
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
dispute; strife; quarrel; dissension; conflict; rivalry
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
very young; little; childish; immature
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
common camellia (Camellia japonica)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
to parry; to sidestep; to dodge
don't worry about it; there is nothing to fear; there is no need for anxiety; everything is under control
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); still; all the same; even ... (e.g. "even a genius")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
relatives; one's family; friends; members of the same organization; followers; henchmen