if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Warring States period (of Japanese history, approx. 1467-1568 CE); Sengoku period; Warring States period (of Chinese history, 403-221 BCE); era of vicious competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
sacred tree; support pillars of the traditional fire festival bonfires
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
boy; son; baby boy; young man
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to separate; to part; to divide; to keep apart
bad feeling; feeling bad; disagreeable; unpleasant; revolting; gross
to send; to forward; to hand over (e.g. money)
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
small fish; small fry; (a) nobody; small fry; unimportant person
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)