otter (Lutra lutra); Japanese river otter (Lutra lutra whiteleyi)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
white; striped mullet fry (Mugil cephalus); speech; one's lines; white dragon tile; winning hand with a pung (or kong) of white dragon tiles; (arch.) white person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
having spirit; (being) staunch; having backbone
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
bone; frame; outline; core; backbone; spirit
the other world; the next world; the world beyond; world after death
this world; this life; world of the living
border; boundary; turning point; watershed; area; region
father; dad; husband; you; he
honorific/polite/humble prefix
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...