year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to hate each other; to hate mutually
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
ceramics; pottery; porcelain
art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
this world; this life; world of the living
to be resurrected; to be resuscitated; to be rehabilitated; to be recalled (e.g. memories); to be brought back
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
the seven treasures (gold, silver, pearls, agate, crystal, coral, lapis lazuli); cloisonne ware; shippō pattern (of overlapping circles); shippō emblem
suffix for familiar person
to communicate; to commune
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection