indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
beast (i.e. any animal other than man); person reborn into the animal realm; brute (i.e. a contemptible human being); damn it; damn
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
true character; real nature
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
pouring alcohol; person pouring alcohol for guests or customers (typically a woman); (apprentice) geisha; dancing girl
considerably; greatly; a lot
to weaken; to grow weak; to be downcast; to be dejected; to be troubled; to be at a loss
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
mess; sorry state; -ways; -wards; in the act of ...; just as one is ...
older sister; elder sister
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
willpower; energy; vitality
bitter smile; wry smile; strained laugh; sarcastic laugh
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial