hooo-hokekyo (call of the Japanese bush warbler); chirp-chirp; tweet-tweet
to come out; to appear; to turn up; to emerge
since some time ago; for some time; for quite a while
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
adds force or indicates command
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
fragment; broken piece; chip; ounce (of truth, conscience, etc.); trace; shred
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be dying; to be about to die; to be close to death
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
to break; to be broken; to be folded; to give in; to back down; to turn (a corner)
iron (Fe); strong and hard (as iron); railway; railway enthusiast
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
spirit power; magical power
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
hateful; abominable; poor-looking; amazing; fantastic; admirable
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hurt; to ache; to feel a pain; to be injured; to be spoiled (e.g. food); to be damaged
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
in that way; thus; so; so?