indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
Naraka; Hell; very bottom; the end; trap room (of a theatre); below-stage basement
poison; toxicant; harm; evil influence; ill will; spite
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to come out; to fall out; to fade; to discolour; to wear a hole (e.g. clothes); to leave (e.g. a meeting); to be clear
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
divine protection; divine blessing; blessed; fortunate; monetary offering (to a temple or shrine); form of Edo period business tax
grandfather (may be used after name as honorific); male senior-citizen (may be used after name as honorific)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to get better; to get well; to recover (from an illness); to be cured; to be restored; to heal
phew; whew; huff; whoo; wohoo
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
field (for fruits, vegetables, etc.); cultivated land; field (of specialization); sphere; womb; birth
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
one's turn; one's shift; one's turn on stage; screen time; screentime
to hit hard; to punch hard; to give a hard blow; to wallop; to sock
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to bite at; to snap at; to jump at (e.g. an offer); to snap at; to hold on to; to cling to
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
point worthy of note; highlight; high point; good prospects for the future; promise