half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ghost; apparition; phantom; spectre; specter; demon
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
one's circumstances; environment; situation (in life)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to accept; to receive; to agree
difficult to ...; hard to ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
true; real; genuine; proper; utter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
to scorn; to despise; to hold in contempt; to look down on; to disdain
older brother; elder brother
cruelty; coldheartedness; relentless; ruthless
extremely; in the extreme; knows no bounds (e.g. rudeness); boundless (e.g. universe, ocean); limitless
ox carriage (for Heian era nobles); oxcart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
emotion; feeling; feelings; sentiment
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
to be full of (e.g. adventure, youth, energy); to be overflowing with
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...