yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Buddhist priest; bonze; close-cropped hair; crew cut; boy; sonny
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
dry riverbed; river beach
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
(paper) cord for tying the hair
Chinese bellflower (Platycodon grandiflorus)
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
while; during; while; although; all; both
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
limit; limits; degree; extent; the end; the last; as long as ...
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
(fixing) boundaries for religious practices; prohibition (of items, people, spirits, etc. that would hinder Buddhist practice); fence between inner and outer sanctums in a temple; (arch.) short two or three-fold lattice around the front desk of a store; barrier; dimensional barrier
to go through; to pass through; to get through; to cut across
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
particle indicating that the speaker is trying to recall some information
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to call together; to convene