which; where; all; both; anyway; anyhow
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reign of an emperor of Japan
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
changing one's clothes; (arch.) lady court attendant
many; a lot of; a great number of; numerous
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
to run over (with a vehicle); to knock down
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
extremely; greatly; truly; really; (not) that much; (not) really
noble (birth); royal; august; exalted; high-born; of high rank
occasion; time; circumstances; (in) case (of); when
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
wrong; groundless; different; separate; unexpected; surprising
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be better (than); to be superior; to surpass; to excel; to be excellent
to be prosperous; to prosper; to flourish; to enjoy great prosperity
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
present age; present day; contemporary; modern era; modern times; contemporary era
to translate; to interpret
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
ancient writing (Edo-period or older); classical literature; ancient Chinese character (pre-Qin period); Chinese character script used before the Qin period
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
then; well; so; well then
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
overall victory; championship; winning the title; (being in) heaven; bliss; perfect contentment
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
still; even now; to this day
another place; some other place; another (person or thing); other; beyond (one's expectations, imagination, etc.); outside