place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
highest rank; highest position; high-end; highest-order; most-significant (e.g. bit)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
how; in what way; by what means
invasion; incursion; raid; aggression; intrusion; trespass
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
watch-keeping; guard; lookout
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
even though; despite; when
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be truant; to slack off; to play hooky; to skip school; to cut class; to skip out
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
by the way; incidentally; sometimes; occasionally; precisely (at that time); exactly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
native people; aboriginal; indigenous people
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)