indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style; one Buddhist image
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to desire; to want; to expect (of someone); to hope for; to see; to command (a view of)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to form; to make; to build up (e.g. a fortune); to create; to accomplish; to achieve; to change (into)
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
existence; being; presence
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
anything and everything; just about everything
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
lonely (e.g. person, feeling); lonesome; desolate; deserted; sad; lacking
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
please; if you would; somehow or other; one way or another; whether (or not); if
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to give (an example); to list; to summon up (e.g. all of one's energy); to gather; to arrest (a criminal); to capture; to nominate (e.g. for a position)
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
small fish; small fry; (a) nobody; small fry; noob; weak player
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)