to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
both (hands, parents, sides, etc.); counter for carriages (e.g. in a train); counter for vehicles; ryō; tael; ryō; pre-Meiji unit of currency, orig. the value of one ryō of gold
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
family; members of a family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis); qilin (Chinese unicorn); (arch.) horse that can ride 1000 ri in a day
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
preparatory school (for entrance examinations); cram school; cramming school
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
time; hour; period; class
to repeat; to do something over again
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
soon; shortly; before long; nearly; almost
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
coloring; colouring; color scheme; colour scheme; (touch of) colour; embellishment
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
chime; bell (e.g. doorbell)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cherry blossom viewing; flower viewing
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)