indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
adds force or indicates command
suffix for familiar person
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
how; in what way; how about
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
singularity; singular point
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise