indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
suffix for familiar person
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
how; in what way; how about
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
the heavens; the skies; celestial sphere; heavenly realm; deva realm
Pan (Greek god); bang; boom; crack
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
plating (chrome, gold, silver, etc.); coating; gilding; pretense; pretence; simulation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...