indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the heavens; the skies; celestial sphere; heavenly realm; deva realm
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
now; the present time; just now; another; more
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
chaos; confusion; disorder; chaotic; confused; uncertain
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
drill bit; drill; drill (practice); drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus)
rumbling and shaking of the earth
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
honorific/polite/humble prefix
adds force or indicates command
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
strength; power; proficiency; ability
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine