honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
even; even if; even though; because of; on the grounds that
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to instruct; to tell to do; to ask to do; to order
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
revival (e.g. musical); come-back; restoration; rebirth; resurrection
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
general; admiral; head; chief; old chap; mate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
helpless; forlorn; hopeless; unpromising; lonely; discouraging
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?