indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
poor; pitiable; pathetic; pitiful
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
by myself; in person; by oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
to substitute for; to stand in for; to fill in for
core; core; hardcore; all-out
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
invisibly; secretly; privately
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!