Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to scold; to chide; to rebuke; to reprimand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
what; how; what (a) ...!; how ...!; surprisingly; to my amazement
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
such; this sort of; like this
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
daytime; during the day; time from sunrise until sunset; diurnal period
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
appearing that; seeming that; looking like; having the appearance of
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
reception hall (esp. for visiting state dignitaries); guest house; State Guest House (esp. Akasaka palace, also guest house in Kyoto)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till