yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)
season (in nature, sports, etc.); seasonal word or phrase (in haiku); year
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
promise; agreement; appointment; engagement; convention; rule
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to launch; to shoot up; (of waves) to dash; to wash up (ashore); to finish (e.g. a theater run, sumo tournament); to close
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
telephone directory; telephone book; phone book
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
excluding; except (for); apart from; outside (a boundary, scope, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
telephone call; phone call; telephone (device); phone
to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
there is nothing; having nothing
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
if; when; when it comes to ...; as for ...; why don't you ...; why not ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)