safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to grant (request, wish); to answer (prayer); to fulfill (conditions); to meet (requirements)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
together; at the same time; same; identical
yuzu (Citrus ichangensis x C. reticulata)
season (in nature, sports, etc.); seasonal word or phrase (in haiku); year
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
10th month of the lunisolar calendar (traditional first month of winter, approx. November); late autumn; late fall
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to be complete; to be all present; to be equal; to be uniform; to gather; to assemble
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
had better ...; had better not ...
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
confluence (of rivers); merge (of traffic); conflux; union (e.g. of forces); linking up; merging
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago