today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
promotion; raising of status
examination; exam; test; trial; experiment; test
until now; till now; up to now; up to the present; so far
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to recall; to remember; to recollect
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
unusual; unwonted; uncharacteristic
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?
thump-thump; bang-bang; pit-a-pat; to beat fast (of one's heart); to throb; to pound
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
best; supreme; wonderful; highest; maximum; most
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
probably; likely; perhaps; a lot of; much; many
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
tension; strain; tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus; muscle tone
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
hindrance; obstacle; to visit (someone's home); demon who hinders Buddhist training; demon who obstructs sentient beings from maintaining moral behaviour