indicates sentence topic;  indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated);  adds emphasis
 now;  soon;  already;  yet;  further;  more
 having served one's purpose;  being finished (with);  business settled
 it is assuredly that ...;  can say with confidence that ...
 hey;  you;  hey;  hey;  hold on;  yo
 idiot;  moron;  trivial matter;  folly;  stupid;  foolish
 this;  last (couple of years, etc.);  these;  you (as in "you liar")
 indicates sentence subject (occasionally object);  indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions);  but;  however;  regardless of;  whether (or not)
 really;  truly;  indeed;  good grief
 correspondence (to);  equivalence;  suitability;  coordination;  dealing with;  coping with
 be;  is;  did;  (have) done;  please;  do
 if;  when;  and;  with;  used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.);  promoted pawn;  indicates a question
 finally;  at last;  in the end;  after all;  never (happened)
 loss;  feeling of loss;  Los Angeles
 no;  nay;  well;  er;  you're welcome;  not at all
 hero;  the brave;  man of valour (valor)
 indicates possessive;  nominalizes verbs and adjectives;  substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases;  (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion;  (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis;  (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
 force;  strength;  capability;  ability;  efficacy;  effect;  effort
 at (place, time);  in;  to (direction, state);  toward;  for (purpose);  because of (reason);  for
 real intention;  true motive;  true meaning
 (what) the heck;  (why) in the world;  one object;  one body;  one form;  one style
 what is it (that);  the meaning of something;  what something is about
 and;  and then;  thus;  and now;  and finally
 battle;  fight;  war;  struggle;  conflict
 outcome (of a course of events);  consequence;  tendency;  trend;  drift
 to see;  to look;  to examine;  to look over;  to look after;  to attend to;  to experience
 child;  kid;  (one's) child;  offspring;  young (animal);  young woman;  offshoot
 to be aware of;  to know;  to notice;  to feel;  to understand;  to comprehend;  to remember
 seems;  I think;  I guess;  don't you agree?;  I thought you'd say that!
 secrecy;  confidentiality;  privacy;  one's circumstances (esp. fiscal)
 habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice);  tendency;  peculiarity;  idiosyncrasy;  crease;  wrinkle
 at;  in;  at;  when;  by;  with;  and then
 just barely;  only just;  at the very limit;  at the last moment
 to die;  to pass away;  to lose spirit;  to lose vigor;  to cease;  to stop
 degree;  amount;  grade;  standard;  of the order of (following a number);  about
 attack;  assault;  raid;  criticism;  censure;  denunciation
 that;  it;  then;  that point (in time); (arch.)  there; (arch.)  you
 what!;  oh;  what the heck;  what the;  damn
 you;  presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
 magic;  witchcraft;  sorcery;  spell
 time;  hour;  period;  class
 indicates direct object of action;  indicates subject of causative expression;  indicates an area traversed;  indicates time (period) over which action takes place;  indicates point of departure or separation of action;  indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
 to operate (e.g. a machine);  to handle;  to have a good command of (a language);  to play proficiently (of a musical instrument);  to work (a puppet);  to pull the strings of a puppet
 endorsing and questioning the preceding statement;  lamenting reflections on the preceding statement