here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
dimension; perspective; point of reference; level (of something)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interval; space; valley; gorge; loophole (in a wall); crenel
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
first generation; founder
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
serious; not joking; straight
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
arraying a number of reference books in order to compose poetry; literary composition crammed with maxims, ancient episodes, legends, etc.; otters lining a catch of fish on a river bank; (people) making offerings (esp. of fish)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to (happen to) see; to notice; to catch sight of
taste (in fashion, music, etc.); sense (e.g. of humour); flair
loungewear; comfortable clothing worn at home
to advise strongly; to insist (on something)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as