at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
younger princess; Oto Hime; Princess of the Dragon Palace (from the story of Urashima Tarō)
suffix for familiar person
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
meal (food, ground grain); Mir (Russian space station); meel; Indian club
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
nothing; naught; nought; un-; non-
assimilation; absorption; adaptation; assimilation; anabolism; assimilation (phonology)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!