indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
meal (food, ground grain); Mir (Russian space station); meel; Indian club
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
suffix for familiar person
adds force or indicates command
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
force; unit; corps; squad; troops; party
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
younger princess; Oto Hime; Princess of the Dragon Palace (from the story of Urashima Tarō)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
core; core; hardcore; all-out
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop