yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
explosive; blasting powder
to start; to begin; to challenge; to pick (a fight); to set (traps); to plant (explosives)
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
adds force or indicates command
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
secret; secrecy; mystery; secret (e.g. to success); esoteric teachings
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
time; hour; period; class
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and