antiquity; ancient times; bygone days; former times
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
the old days; the past; former times; the past ten years; the past decade
lonely (place); remote; in the middle of nowhere
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
one long cylindrical thing; one film, TV show, etc.; one version; one book; a certain book; ippon; one point
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut up; to split open; to rip to pieces; to tear to pieces
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
soul; spirit; willpower; vitality; something as important as one's own life; something invaluable
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
tiger (Panthera tigris); drunkard; drunk; sot
to mix; to stir; to blend
danger; peril; hazard; risk
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
last moment; eleventh hour; platform made of dirt used to perform executions (decapitations) in the Edo period
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
kind; courteous; intimate; (arch.) becoming intimate; (arch.) having an intimate relationship (sometimes esp. a homosexual relationship)
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
reason; grounds; pretext; excuse; motive
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on