indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
adds force or indicates command
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!