to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
suffix for familiar person
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
handshake; reconciliation; joining hands; cooperation
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
all; entire; whole; altogether
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
all night long; all through the night
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to mix; to stir; to blend
danger; peril; hazard; risk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
last moment; eleventh hour; platform made of dirt used to perform executions (decapitations) in the Edo period
within a company; in-house; within a shrine; shrine precincts
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
kind; courteous; intimate; (arch.) becoming intimate; (arch.) having an intimate relationship (sometimes esp. a homosexual relationship)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
many problems; various problems
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
to negotiate (with someone about); to talk over (something with); to tackle someone (about); to throw on each other; to splash (water) on each other; to pour on each other
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stop (an activity); to cease; to discontinue; to cancel; to abandon; to give up
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis