at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
macaron (meringue-based sandwich cookie); French macaroon
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to mix; to stir; to blend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
any; anything; whatever; I am told; I hear; I understand
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to cover; to hide; to conceal; to wrap; to disguise
completion; finish; workmanship; result; outcome