indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
loveable; very likeable; like very much
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
Java (programming language)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish