indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ice; ice cream; icecream; (arch.) usurer; (arch.) usury
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
song lyrics; words of a song; libretto
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to mix; to stir; to blend
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to sing; to sing (one's praises in a poem, etc.); to compose a poem; to recite a poem
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
now; the present time; just now; another; more
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
cool (temperature, color, etc.); cool (i.e. calm and collected); cool (i.e. fashionable, attractive, etc.); course (of medical treatment); season (series) of a television program (usu. 13 installments over a 3-month period)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hot (thing); passionate (feelings, etc.); ardent; hot (e.g. temper); zealous; enthusiastic; intense
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!