indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
connection (to a person, place, etc.); relation; affinity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
please (give me); please (do for me)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
dukedom; duchy; principality
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
completion; finish; workmanship; result; outcome
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
myself; yourself; I; me; you
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?