color of flames; colour of flames
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
older brother; elder brother; brother-in-law (spouse's older brother or older sister's husband)
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
silence; being silent; quiet; reticence; inaction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
escape; getting away (from); getting out (of); prolapse; proptosis
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to shoot (a gun, person, etc.); to fire
sphere; circle; range; category
unity; consolidation; uniformity; unification; compatible
union; combination; association; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
restriction; restraint; limitation; limit
top brass; upper echelon; higher-ups; top management; upper reaches; top of the pile
collapse; crumbling; breaking down; (radioactive) decay; disintegration
to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); to be limited to; to be confined to; to only account for
right of control; supremacy; sovereignty
to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
Siberia; cake made with layers of sweet bean paste and sponge cake
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
to launch; to shoot up; (of waves) to dash; to wash up (ashore); to finish (e.g. a theater run, sumo tournament); to close
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)