indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
by means of; due to; because of; according to
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
duty; function; office; mission; task
comprehension; consent; understanding; OK; roger (on two-way radio)
in this way; thus; such; uh...
vigilance; caution; alertness; precaution; being on guard
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
unable to move; held up; swamped; stuck between a rock and a hard place
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
transport aircraft; transport plane
to snatch away; to dispossess; to steal
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
other side; opposite side; other party
won't; hasn't; isn't; won't you
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
chance; opportunity; machine; aircraft; counter for aircraft; counter for (remaining) lives
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
sandstorm; noise (video); snow
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk