art; technique; means; way; trick; trap
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
shield; buckler; escutcheon; pretext
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
front; frontage; facade; main
defense; defence; safeguard; protection
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perfect; complete; flawless
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
lock; padlock; tablet; lozenge; pill
start; commencement; beginning; initiation
hey; hello; wow; oh; oomph; heave-ho
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Musashi (former province located in parts of present-day Tokyo, Kanagawa and Saitama prefectures)
house of parliament (congress, diet, etc.); graduate school; postgraduate school; institution (often medical); institutional building; sub-temple; minor temple building
(college) president; secretary-general
union; alliance; combination; RENGO (Japanese Trade Union Confederation)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
honorific/polite/humble prefix
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
the truth; fact; as it is; as you are; frank; bare plain
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
lovely; dear; beloved; pitiable; pitiful
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
to ask; to enquire; to query