how it came about; how it originated; how it happened; the origins of the imbroglio
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
rock (music); rock; boulder; on the rocks
in that way; thus; so; so?
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
easy; simple; there's no way that ...
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
house; home; one's house; one's home; one's husband
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
denotes uncertainty; such things as A and B; A and B and so on; A and B and the like
still more; to say nothing of; not to mention; still less
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
participation; joining; entry; adherence
application; entry; request; subscription; offer; proposal
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)