one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
three; three years of age
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
tone color; tone colour; tone quality; timbre
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play an instrument (esp. string instruments); to dance
spring day; spring sunlight
youth; springtime of life; adolescent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to wait for a long time; to wait and wait; to eagerly await
summer vacation; summer holiday
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
so; like this; in this way
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
study; diligence; discount; reduction
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to make (good) progress; to move right ahead (with the work); to advance
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
in that way; thus; so; so?