one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
three; three years of age
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
tone color; tone colour; tone quality; timbre
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to play an instrument (esp. string instruments); to dance
spring day; spring sunlight
youth; springtime of life; adolescent
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
opening (one's mouth) wide; saying "aah"; crying loudly; wailing; bawling
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
suffix for familiar person
miser; cheapskate; skinflint
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
very early in the morning; so early in the morning; at this ungodly hour
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to make noise; to make racket; to rustle; to swoosh; to make merry; to clamor; to clamour
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
after all; because; but; even; too; as well