hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
hey!; say!; I say!; I; me
long ago; a long time ago; already
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hereditary occupational group (Yamato period)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
footwork; mobility; flexibility; adaptability
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
I see; that's right; indeed
some nerve (as in "you have some nerve to ...")
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to go straight to one's head (of alcohol); to feel the effects (of an illness); to lose one's wits
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
in the hospital; hospitalized