indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
suffix for familiar person
in that way; thus; so; so?
Koshien Stadium, a baseball stadium in Koshien which is the venue of the annual high school baseball tournaments; High school baseball in Japan, the tournaments generally referred to as Kōshien, named after the stadium; Koshien, Nishinomiya, Hyōgo Prefecture, a neighborhood of Nishinomiya, Hyōgo, Japan
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
lodging together; training camp; boarding house
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
honorific/polite/humble prefix
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
adds force or indicates command
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
banzai; hurray; something to cheer about; something worthy of celebration; giving up; throwing one's hands up
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
to go out and away; to leave
idea; plan; draft; rough copy; expectation; (arch.) desk
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen