indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
ball; ball (pitch that falls outside of the strike zone); bowl; board (cardboard, pasteboard, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
adds force or indicates command
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...