indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
energy; military strength
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
new rice field; newly developed rice field; wasteland or marshland newly reclaimed as a rice field (Edo period)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
proclamation; official notice; touch; contact
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
curve; turn; curveball; curve ball; (wine) cellar
in that way; thus; so; so?
suffix for familiar person
senior high school; high school
pitcher; pitcher (container); jug
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest