indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
strike (e.g. in baseball, bowling)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
blue; azure; green; green light (traffic); black (horse coat color); blue 5-point card; immature
out (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); outside the line; out; putout; outer; external; exit
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
senior high school; high school
muscle; tendon; vein; artery; fiber; fibre; line
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
suffix for familiar person
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
adds force or indicates command
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
sphere; counter for balls
straight; straightforward; direct; neat (e.g. spirits); black (e.g. tea, coffee); entering university directly from high school; fast ball
safe; in (of a ball, in tennis, etc.); all right; OK
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed