diminutive used with names, etc.; diminutive adjective ending
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
night under the midnight sun; white night (at extreme latitudes); night during which the sun doesn't set
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to be put in order; to be put to rights; to be disposed of; to be solved; to be finished; to be married (off)
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
I wonder; do you think?; I might; some kind; some stage; somehow
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
older sister; elder sister
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
two persons; two people; pair; couple
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
impossible; unthinkable; unbelievable; ridiculous
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
courteous; decorous; polite
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (so) what (are you trying to say)?; what (do you mean)?