indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
black; black stone; guilt; guilty person
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
idiot; moron; stupid; foolish; trivial; insignificant; malfunctioning
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
more and more; all the more; at last; finally; (at the) last moment; worst possible time
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tsk tsk; oh-oh; huh; what's that?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
time; hour; period; class
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
to make; to manufacture; to build; to construct; to prepare; to get ready; to dress (oneself in)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
yukata; light cotton kimono worn in the summer or used as a bathrobe
to change (one's clothes)
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
teacher; master; religious leader; specialist; five-battalion brigade comprising 2500 men (Zhou dynasty Chinese army)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
hairdresser (for sumo wrestlers and actors); wigmaker (for actors); hairdressing room (Edo-period kabuki)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
suffix appended to someone else's family members
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
what's the matter?; what's wrong?
stomach; Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
condition; state; health; state (of health); way; manner