one's nature; one's destiny; custom; tradition; habit
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
new work; new production; new composition; new creation; new title
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to recall; to remember; to recollect
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to mind (negative nuance); to care about; to worry; to pay undue (amount of) attention to (something)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to take seriously; to believe in; to fall for
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sorry; excuse me; thank you
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
suffix for familiar person
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
not counting (as anything significant)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
physical contact (between friends, mother and child, etc.); physical intimacy
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
planning; project; plan; design
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.