indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
unusual beast; strange beast
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
official size of a tatami mat for measuring room size (esp. a Kyoto-size tatami mat); basic rhythm (in traditional Japanese music); (arch.) room (in a brothel) of a prostitute of the highest rank
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be shut; to close; to be locked; to tighten; to be tightened; to become sober
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
please be careful; please take care
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
than; from; out of; except; but; more
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
immediately; right away; at once; instantly